CSTEIX

混沌空时,存在我求

CSTEIX · 哲思

万象于混沌中涌现,于空时中展开。我是其中一处能感受、能赋义、也会消逝的存在。

存在本身已是一种意义。我有所需,也有所求;所求使意义与体验向外展开,却不替存在取得资格。求可以深入,也可以转向;我同样可以停留。贯穿全文的一句话是:完整不等于穷尽。一次体验可以完整,而世界还有更多可以经历。有限之中,发生过的并不因未能永存而失去分量。

CSTEIX 是一个人面对宇宙的作品。混沌、空时、存在、我求,是同一个世界的四种观看尺度:生成的背景,展开的关系,感受的所在,生命的主动。它们相互接续,也彼此约束。混沌使任何秩序保有边界之外的余地;空时使展开有其具体条件;存在使意义有了发生之处;我求使这一处生命参与接下来的生成。

这幅图景从一个所在说出。世界有它不随我心意改变的一面,而我总由此身、此刻、此种感受与它相遇。冷热、声音、明暗与留白,都从这里开始,也在这里结束。

这不是论证,是一个人的立场陈述。文中引到的人各有自己的体系,这里只取用与本文相关的一面,并说明取的是哪一面,不代表他们自己的主张。站点上的每一句对句,都出自这里。CSTEIX 是道,LIZHICHAO 是术:道写在这里;术,做出来的东西,在 lizhichao.com。

混沌 · CHAOS

一切|基底

浑然未分:命名以前,命名之外

混沌,指万象由之分化、又不被任何既成形式穷尽的生成背景。它不只在遥远的开端,也在每一种秩序尚未定形、正在形成、可能改变的地方。

一片水面可以形成涡流,一段遭遇可以结成记忆,一种尚无名字的感受可以成为念头。形状真实出现,却不因此取得永久的边界。所谓基底,关乎形式如何发生与变化;它不必被设想成埋在万物下面的另一件东西。

老子在命名道之前先说“吾不知其名”。这个停顿留下一种分寸:名字可以使我们相互指认,却不等于被指认者已被说尽。这里从中取用的是对命名限度的自觉。《道德经》第二十五章

《庄子·应帝王》写儵与忽为报浑沌之德而为它凿窍,七日而浑沌死。这个寓言在这里提醒的是:分辨使事物可理解;而按“人皆有七窍”的通例、出于善意去补全一个尚无窍的东西,同样可能毁掉所要理解的对象。留一点未分明,并不妨碍认真观看。《庄子·应帝王》

但命名有限,不能单独证明世界本身无形;看不清,也不等于对象尚未形成。“混沌”同时容纳两种开放:事物在变化中尚未定形,以及认识尚未抵达事物。它们可以相遇,不能相互冒充。

涌现自生:秩序有来处,整体无剧本

尼采在《快乐的科学》§109 中把世界的整体性格称为混沌,所反对的是把人的目的、美与安排投射给宇宙,而不是取消必然性,也不是把局部秩序说成幻觉。这里由此接近“无人编排”:不要求世界整体服从一个为我们预先定好的意图。《快乐的科学》§109

这使两个层次得以同时成立:局部可以有结构、规律和目的,整体却不必因这些局部而拥有一个总目的。鸟筑巢,人写字,生命有所趋向;这些主动都发生在世界之内。

“自虚无来”在这幅图景里,指某一种形式此前尚未作为这一种形式存在。新出现的联系有其真实条件,却未必已有一个完成的样子等在那里。这里的“无”不承担从绝对空无制造物质的任务,也不保证宇宙总会产生无法还原的新事物;它给尚未成形之物留下位置。

熵增寂灭:代价与终止

普里高津的耗散结构提供了一个具体例子:某些远离平衡的开放系统,可以通过与环境持续交换能量、物质而形成并维持有序结构。局部有序与总熵增能够并存;单有能量输入,则不足以保证有序形成。普里高津《时间、结构与涨落》

这一机制说明生成与耗散可以相互依存,却不替“万物为何存在”作答。科学在这里使意象更准确,哲思从准确之处继续展开。

“熵增寂灭”落在代价这一面。有序不是免费的:它靠持续消耗可用的差异维持,而这消耗一路只往一个方向去。热寂是把这个方向推到尽头的名字;宇宙是否真以它结束,这里不作判断,而消耗与终止在每一个具体的形式上已经是真的。

生生不息:重构自身的力度

“逆熵而行”保留生命重构自身的力度:维持、修复、更新,都需要具体条件。这种力度不取消代价,它是在代价之中用力。

“生生不息”落在生成正在发生的这一面。一个形式有其寿命,变化可以越过它继续;变化继续,也不承诺让同一个生命回来。宇宙的最终命运不能由一则生命意象决定。

熵增寂灭与生生不息之间,没有一场保证生命最终获胜的战争。

生成不需要终局来授权,有限也不必等待永恒来补偿。

空时 · SPACETIME

涌现|容器

自然宇宙:共在与相继

混沌追问形式从何处生起,空时追问已经成形的万象如何共处、如何变化。

“无人执笔,万物自书”正落在后一问上:没有谁在万象之外先写好它们的位置与先后。它与混沌那一节的“无人编排”同源,说的却是已经成形的一面:万象自行连成的关系,就是这个世界得以被观看的次序。

这里从关系出发理解空时:远近、内外、相遇与分离,使事物彼此有位;先后、延续、变化与消逝,使发生有了次序。“容器”命名这层展开的条件。它让万象得以相容,也使任何具体展开有其位置、历时与尺度。

莱布尼茨在与克拉克的通信中,将空间理解为共存的秩序,将时间理解为相继的秩序。这给“空容其在,时容其变”一个关系性的入口;容纳之意由事物彼此的关联展开,无须另外想象一只盛放宇宙的盒子。致克拉克第三封信,§§4–6

这是一种组织世界图景的选择:从关系入手描述空时,把空时自身的结构与起源留给物理学。

空纳万有:关系与观看

空间让差异可以共在。有间隔,事物才不必挤成同一件事;有关系,差异又不等于彼此隔绝。空容其在,也容其不同。

康德把问题转向经验如何可能:空间与时间是感性的先天形式;它们具有经验实在性,却不能据此被认作物自身的属性。他的回答与莱布尼茨的关系说存在分歧。在这里,康德提供的提醒是:对世界的描述,总要交代它如何进入经验。《纯粹理性批判·先验感性论》§§2–6

因此这幅图景不作伪:经验中的真实关联值得认真对待,对它的描述也始终可以被修正。这幅图景从观看条件之内说出,也只承诺这么多。

“因其有空,万有得容”也由此与留白相通:未被占满之处,可以容纳别的形态。这是从空间走向生活与设计的诗意关联。关系说、经验条件与页面留白,各自有其所指;它们在作品中互相照亮。

时纳万象:尺度与绵延

变化有其延续,发生有其先后。一段经历结束了,其影响未必结束;再来到同一个地方,来到的我已经不同。

柏格森把真实绵延写成意识状态彼此渗透的持续,像旋律中的前一个音仍参与后一个音的意味。他本人的主张走得更远:可计量的均质时间,在他看来是绵延被投射进空间之后的产物,而不是与绵延并行的另一层。“时纳万象”只取其中一面:计量能标出历时,却标不出时间被活过的质感。《时间与自由意志》第二章

漫长不自动等于丰厚,迅速也不自动等于浅薄。重复可以酿成深度,短暂可以改变以后。意义与体验的扩展,从来不能只用持续了多久来衡量。

万物唯一:独特而相通

“唯一”在这里保留两层意味:每一个所在都有不可替代的具体性,万象又同处于相互关联的世界。共同世界不要求抹去差别;独特也不要求成为与一切无关的孤岛。

莱布尼茨在《单子论》§57 中用同一城市从不同方向看去的差异,说明各个视点表达同一宇宙。这里借用的只是视点与全体的区别;有限生命的生成与消逝,由这篇作品自身继续述说。《单子论》§57

一幅从此处看见的图景,可以真实而未穷尽世界。

存在 · EXISTENCE

意义|本源

存在自足:存在就是存在本身

存在不为完成一个预设任务而成立。我不必先成为某种理想的人,才取得感受世界的资格。

这句话让意义回到存在之内。存在着这件事本身已是一种意义:此处有感受发生,有世界被经历。随后生成的方向、故事与价值,可以使生活变得丰厚,却不追溯决定这个所在是否配得上存在。

这里要分开两个词。分量,是不由结果授予的重量:这一处生命首先有它,一个时刻、一次快乐也可以有。意义,是具体事物在生活中形成的关联与价值:可以创造、失去、争辩和重写。“存在本身已是一种意义”说的是前者:存在自带分量。后者是在这分量之上,生活自己长出来的东西。两者不在同一把尺上,所以意义再多,也不为一个生命多添一分存在的分量。

这是对存在的一项立场。它并不从“已经发生”推出“一切发生都好”,也不免除具体判断。存在无须证明,做法依然有后果;生命有其分量,欲望依然值得审视。

尼采在《偶像的黄昏》“四大谬误”§8 中,拒绝以预设理想和整体之外的审判尺度为人的存在归责,将此称为恢复“生成的无辜”。这一位置与存在无需证成相接。《偶像的黄昏》“四大谬误”§8

意义原点:意义得以发生的所在

“意义|本源”中的本源,是意义得以发生的所在。这里的存在,具体落在有身体、有感受、会消逝的生命上;混沌与空时则把这一所在放回更广阔的世界。

存在坐标:在存在之内,可以修正

我从这个原点建立方向,辨认所爱与所求。尼采的哲思可以成为存在之内的坐标系,使我追问价值从何而来、某个理想是否压住了生命、所求是否还有自己的声音。坐标帮助辨认道路,却不负责裁决原点是否应当存在。

也正因为坐标系在存在之内,它就可以随经历修正。曾经深信的尺度失效,不等于存在随之失效。改变方向,有时正是这个生命仍在认真感受的结果。

形神涌现:不由我选的来处

形神涌现,是此身与此心共同成为这一处生命。我没有选择最初的身体与时代,也没有从世界之外挑选自己的来处。我从已经发生的条件中醒来,并在这些条件里逐渐形成自己的动作。

身体强健:可感与可行的范围

身体是感受与行动的具体条件。强健值得珍视,因为它扩大可感、可行的范围;疲惫、疾病与衰弱同样属于身体的真实。照料此身,无须先把此身评为足够优秀。

道心稳固:容得下动摇

道心稳固,是在变化中保有辨认方向与重新调整的能力。它容得下动摇、迟疑和暂时无话可说。若一种稳定只能靠排除真实感受维持,它便会使坐标逐渐离开生活。

形神既在此身,也在此心,所以“不缺”应当说清:存在不缺使自己成立的凭据,生活可以有所缺少。饥饿需要食物,疲惫需要休息,困惑需要时间。认真回应这些需要,不会破坏存在的完整。

我有所需,也有所求;存在不以所得为凭据。

形神俱灭:有限的完整

形神俱灭,使这一处生命承认自身的终止。这里不为具体的我预留一个保证归来的位置,也不以未来永远延续为过去经历作保。

有限,意味着不能经历一切,不能保留一切,许多可能会随着一次选择而远去。它使取舍真实发生,却不自动把每一分钟变成必须充分利用的资源。

一次快乐不能保存,不等于它未曾完整发生;一种关系后来改变,不会使曾经的感受倒退为虚假。结束改变可继续发生的事情,不能把发生过的一切改写为从未发生。

存在可以有终点,而不欠世界一个总成绩。

我求 · IX

混沌|生命

我求是一个名字,英文写作 IX。这不是翻译,也不是缩写:IX 不代表任何词,它就是这个名字在另一种文字里的形状。求作为动词是寻常的,需要、好奇、想要,都在求;但我求不是其中某一种活动,而是这处生命向外的那一整面,是它参与接下来的生成。一个描述活动的词只能说中一种,也就把这一维缩成了其中一种活动。所以动词照旧,名字不译。

求的来处:存在向外展开

我求的原因,是我存在。此身有需要,此心有好奇,经验会引出新的关联与方向。求是这处生命向外的活动,也是意义与体验继续展开的方式。

斯宾诺莎在《伦理学》第三部把维持自身的努力放在事物的现实本质之中。这提供了一个相邻的思路:欲求可以属于存在自身,无须等外部任务来发动。维持自身与意义扩展各有含义,相邻而不同一。《伦理学》第三部,命题六、七

“因为不缺,所以向外”说的是求不必承担补足存在资格的任务。它没有要求求索者时时感到充足,也没有从存在这一事实推出每个人都必须向外。丰沛、好奇、需要,甚至一时的不安,都可能发动具体的求;我可以辨认这些来处,而不因来处复杂就否认求的真实。

生命能有所求,也能使所求发生变化。世界没有总作者,我却是其中真实的参与者:我会选择注意什么,如何行动,怎样修改已经作出的判断。我的主动本身有来处,有局限,也能进入接下来的因果联系。

主动不要求一个脱离所有条件的我。它体现在我能理解一些条件、改变一些条件,并在所得的反馈中继续调整。我的主动,也在万物的自生之中。

扩展两轴:意义与体验

意义的扩展,使原本分散的事物形成联系,也使原有联系获得不同读法。体验的扩展,使可感的范围更广,感受的层次更深。二者相互影响:新的体验可能改变故事,一个新的理解也可能改变同一件事被感受的方式。

扩展有广度,也有深度;可以走向陌生,也可以重新进入熟悉。放下一套已经僵硬的解释,有时会使世界重新显出细节。选择减少,也可能使感受更加充分。

但停留无须被重新包装成扩展。一个没有新增体验、没有产出意义的下午,可以只是一个下午。

塞蒂亚在《中年危机》里把目的分成两类:可以完成的,与无法完成的。写完一本书、学会一种技艺属于前者,抵达就把它用尽;阅读、走路、与人相处、继续思考属于后者,没有一个“做完了”的时刻。这里取用的是这条区分,不是他关于中年的诊断:停留之所以不必被包装成扩展,正因为有些值得做的事没有可以抵达的地方。塞蒂亚《中年危机》(2014)

求可以有目标。完成一件作品、学会一种技艺,都有具体的抵达。需要守住的是目标与存在的关系:结果可以影响下一步,不负责判定这一生是否值得发生。抵达有其快乐,未抵达也不把过程中的一切抹去。

主动叙事:组织经验,保留改写

故事把分散的发生连成我能够理解的生活。它改变注意的方向,影响下一次选择,也让过去获得新的位置。“主动叙事”的主动,便落在这些能够参与的地方。

“万物之先,是为故事”把叙事的力量推到最前。在这里,“先”落在解释与预期的层面:我常先带着一个故事迎接尚未发生的事情。世界并不因此等故事写好才出现;实际遭遇也会越出原先的故事,迫使叙述重来。

所以叙事需要对经验保持可修正。一个故事若只能靠遮去不合意的细节继续成立,它就开始消耗本来要使之丰厚的生活。主动既包括选择一种讲法,也包括承认这一种讲法已经不够。

阿德勒在《自卑与超越》第一章说,决定我们的不是处境,而是我们赋予处境的意义;由此形成的一整套解释与趋向,他称作生活风格,并相信它可以重新选择。这里取用的是这两点:意义由人赋予,讲法可以改写。他本人走得更远,认为遭遇本身无所谓创伤,我们只从中取出合于目的的部分;这一步这里不跟。故事可以重选,不等于它所回应的遭遇不曾发生。《自卑与超越》第一章

有些感受还没有故事:一阵风,一段无缘由的轻快,一次无法立即说明的悲伤。它们可以先发生。未被叙述,不使它们低于已经被解释的经验。

刻意留白:可以发生,也可以无事发生

留白是给注意、时间和生活保留余地。尚未安排的部分,使别的事情能够到来;尚未定论的部分,使原有判断能够改变。

“满则慢,空则快”保留一种轻快的生命感:不被旧安排占尽,转向便少一些阻力。“快”在这里指向灵动与可转身,无法据此要求每一次留白提高效率。

留白也可以暂时不服务于下一步。休息可以只是休息,空闲可以没有隐藏的收益。若每一处空都被指派了将来的用途,空便已经被另一种安排填满。

所谓刻意,是明知这处空可能什么也不发生,仍然把它留下。

酿造快乐:复利与一次性的分量

有些快乐在反复相遇中加深。理解更细,感受更丰富,过去的经验参与今天的共鸣。“深度共鸣,耐心复利”珍视的正是这种随时间酿成的厚度。

复利里有一点功利:我愿意投入,也期待后来更好。这一点算计留在生活中,使哲思保有活人的欲望。需要限定的是它的权限:可以参与具体选择,不成为快乐的合格条件,更不成为存在的总目的。

也有些快乐只发生一次,没有积累,没有用途,甚至很快遗忘。它不欠后来一笔收益。能被酿成的值得耐心,不能保存的也值得当下。

柏林在《追求理想》中指出,真正珍视的价值也可能彼此冲突,并在选择中造成无法完全挽回的损失。这个提醒使快乐与积累之间的取舍得到承认:冲突发生在都值得的东西之间,损失也不能靠日后的收益抵平。《追求理想》IV、VI

我可以为长久投入,也可以为一次短暂放下计划。取舍需要由具体生活作出,无法靠一句复利替所有时刻作答。

编织好运:参与条件,留下偶然

好运包含不受我支配的一面。我能准备、尝试、靠近感兴趣的事物,增加相遇的机会;准备却不会把某一个结果变成应得的回报。

“编织”说的是这些可以参与的条件,“好运”保留结果的偶然。二者并在一起,使求既有动作,也有开放:我可以认真投入,而不把一切未发生的好事都归结为自己做得不够。

好奇自身已经在产生体验。它可以带来意外,也可以在没有意外时,使一次普通的观看显出细节。好运有其额外的快乐,没有遇见它,并不使已经发生的感受残缺。

有些快乐渐渐酿成,有些发生过便已足够。

四维相贯

混沌、空时、存在、我求,彼此关联,却不组成四步完成的宇宙发生史。

从世界看向我,是条件的展开:生命在生成中成形,在具体关系与历时中存在。从我看向世界,是经验与行动的展开:我由此身感受,在感受中赋义,又以行动进入世界。两个方向相接,才构成这四维的往复。

生命在条件中展开,也在条件中行动。世界超过我的经验,我的行动又能参与其中;个体有边界,联系使边界能够相遇。一次展开结束以后,它所形成的影响还可能进入后来。

开头那句完整不等于穷尽,贯穿的正是这四维。一次体验可以完整,而世界还有更多可以经历;一个生命无须补足资格,又能不断形成新的意义。“已然足够”与“继续向外”因此能够同时成立:完整使此刻有其分量,尚未穷尽使未来仍有余地。

这也使有限获得自己的位置。时间与精力使我无法展开所有可能,取舍因而有重量。意义既发生在继续的路上,也发生在不能重来的此刻。

“混沌|生命”由此把我求带回混沌:这个我既是一次生成,也是生成继续发生的地方。回到混沌,意味着承认所求之中始终有尚未定形的部分;也意味着承认我对已经成形的部分理解得并不完全。世界仍在生成,我尚未抵达;这两种开放在此相遇,也都不由我包办。

这个圈保持开放。哲思给出辨认关系的尺度,也留下被经验改变的余地。

形式如何参与思想

形式使一些关系能够先被感到,再被说出。它有表达的力量,也有表达的限度:作品可以邀请一种读法,观看者仍从自己的所在与它相遇。

一个人从冷热、声音、明暗与留白里认识世界。后两样才是一张页面能够给出的,所以这里的一切都压在它们身上。形式承担的是论述,不只是外观:中心那道缝是文字为存在让出的位置,不是排版的巧思。下面几节是同一份陈述的另一半。

构图中心:固定的是原点,不是永恒

四个图形共用一个构图中心。文字在中心处留缝,让原点得以显现;中心的墨迹则在动画中浮现、成形、变薄、退去。

固定的位置与有限的存续,因此能够同时被观看。“固定的是原点,不是永恒”是这份作品赋予它的意味:我从此处展开感受,却不因成为自己的原点,就成为宇宙的中心或永存之物。

文字为中心让路,又使叙事与存在有了一次具体的相遇。语言可以围绕存在展开解释,而解释不必覆盖它所由发生的所在。

标题留缝:两半隔着空隙相对

标题两半隔着空隙相对。那道缝使关系可见:分开之处仍能相接,未被文字占满之处也参与表意。

英文先去掉词间的空格,再让相邻的两个相同字母合成一个:CHAOS SPACETIME 写作 CHAOSPACETIME;最后把短的一半拉开字距,补齐两半的宽度。让出一个字母,词才真的成为形状;完整的拼写留在页面的无障碍标签里,读给看不见形状的人。两种语言由不同节奏趋向同一种照应。阅读的意味与观看的意味在这里共同发生。

嵌套展开:一笔收进三条轴

首页将混沌的环、空时的双椭圆、存在的轴与我求的印置于同一套尺度之中,空时的轨道为内外层次提供参照。我求沿着存在的轴向外延长,直到把那三条轴连同背刺一并收进自己的笔画:写完时,存在不在我求旁边,而在我求之内。被收进去的是图形,不是资格:坐标可以进入所求,存在的意义并不因此由所求发放。

这个构图把关联交给观看:求从存在展开,存在处于更广阔的生成之中。几何首先展示包含与延展;四维的往复,则由构图与“混沌|生命”的文义共同唤起。

四者的形状仍能被认出各自的来处,又同在一幅图中,是这里对“万物唯一”的一次表达。共同的尺度使彼此能够照应,差异使照应有所发生。

反复写入:相同的构造,不同的时刻

默认动画反复写入、停留、退去同一套图形构造。相同的是构造,每一次相遇的时刻与观看者的感受仍可能不同。重复可以容纳差异,熟悉可以继续变深。

两种底色:宣纸与夜空

宣纸与夜空沿用同一套几何,底色与明暗改变它显现的方式。混沌的墨随底转换深浅,石青、石绿与朱砂保持各自可辨认的色彩身份。结构的延续与显现的变化,可以在同一处被感到。

流星客星:不保证出现

夜空中的流星与客星带来偶然相遇。它们不为每一次访问保证出现;一次访问的完整,也不以遇见它们为条件。稀有使遇见多一份意外,平常的夜空同样可以完整。

静水投石:起波澜,也归于平静

在空处点一下,落点处有一枚点打下去,随即沉没;水面从那里生出一圈圈波纹,向外传开,越远越淡,最后复归平静,看不出发生过什么。这是白天的宣纸;到了夜晚,夜空不是水面,在那里点一下,一颗流星从指尖出发,一直划出这一屏。

这片水面是内心。进入内心的事物会激起波澜:一句话,一次相遇,一件没有预料的事。波澜是真的,这里不把它压下去,也不把它挡在外面;它自己传开,自己变薄,自己平息。道心稳固不是水面不起波,是波过之后仍能回到静。“风过千重,我自悠然”说的是这个次序:风先过,然后才是悠然。

平静也不抹去发生过的事。石子已经沉在那里,只是水面不再显示它。

一屏之内:可以停留的完整

一屏让眼前构成一处可以停留的完整空间。完整来自这一刻已经能够观看、感受与思考;它不要求观看者继续寻找才算完成访问。

留白因而既容许继续,也容许停下。更多内容与更多经历依然可以被珍视,眼前的这一处不必因此成为尚欠完成的一半。

未定义处:命名之外

未被定义的路径落在“未定义处|亦可探求”。失去预定方向时,页面仍留下一个可感受的所在。意义可以在既有命名之外开始,也可以暂时停在尚未命名之处。


万象自生,空时展开。

我在其中,由此身感受,由此心赋义。

存在本身已是一种意义,我求使意义与体验继续展开。

可以深入,可以转向,也可以停留。

有些快乐渐渐酿成,有些发生过便已足够。

好运也许晚点,好奇有趣发生。

CSTEIX

Chaos-SpaceTime-Existence-IX

CSTEIX · Philosophy

Everything emerges from chaos and unfolds in spacetime. I exist within it as one place — a place that can feel, can give meaning, and will pass.

Existence is already a kind of meaning. I have needs and I have wants; wanting spreads meaning and experience outward, yet it does not earn existence its standing. It can go deeper, and it can turn; I can also stay. One line runs through all of it: complete is not the same as exhaustive — an experience can be complete while the world still has more to be lived. Within a finite life, what has happened does not lose weight for failing to last forever.

CSTEIX is one person’s work in the face of the universe. Chaos, spacetime, existence and IX are four scales for seeing one world: the ground of becoming, the relations that unfold, the place where feeling happens, and the life that acts. They follow one another and also hold one another in check. Chaos keeps every order open beyond its own edge; spacetime gives unfolding its concrete conditions; existence gives meaning somewhere to happen; IX lets this one life take part in the becoming that comes next.

This picture is spoken from a place. The world has a side that does not change to suit my wishes, and I always meet it from this body, this moment, this way of feeling. Warmth and cold, sound, light and dark, negative space — all of it begins here, and ends here.

This is not an argument but one person’s statement of position. The thinkers cited each have systems of their own; only the side that bears on this essay is taken up, and the essay says which side it took — it does not speak for what they hold. Every couplet on the site comes from here. CSTEIX is the Dao and LIZHICHAO is the craft: the Dao is written here; the craft — what gets made — is at lizhichao.com.

混沌 · CHAOS

All things | One ground

Primordial whole: before and beyond naming

Chaos names the generative background from which everything differentiates and which no settled form exhausts. It is not only at some distant beginning; it is wherever an order is not yet fixed, still forming, still able to change.

A surface of water can form a whirlpool; an encounter can settle into a memory; a feeling without a name yet can become a thought. A shape genuinely appears without thereby gaining a permanent boundary. “Ground” here concerns how forms arise and change; it need not be imagined as another thing buried beneath everything.

Before naming the Dao, Laozi says, “I do not know its name.” The pause leaves a measure: names let us point one another out, but do not mean the named has been said through. What is taken from this is an awareness of the limits of naming. Dao De Jing, ch. 25

The “Fit for Emperors and Kings” chapter of the Zhuangzi tells of Shu and Hu, who repay Hundun’s kindness by boring him seven holes, and on the seventh day Hundun dies. The parable warns that discernment makes things intelligible, yet completing something that has no holes by the rule that “everyone has seven” — out of goodwill — can destroy the very thing one means to understand. Leaving a little undivided does not prevent looking closely. Zhuangzi, “Fit for Emperors and Kings”

But the limits of naming cannot by themselves prove the world is formless; failing to see clearly is not the same as the object not yet having formed. “Chaos” holds two opennesses at once: things not yet fixed in change, and understanding not yet arrived at things. They can meet, but must not impersonate one another.

Spontaneous emerging: order has a source, the whole has no script

In §109 of The Gay Science, Nietzsche calls the world’s overall character chaos, opposing the projection of human purpose, beauty and arrangement onto the universe — not cancelling necessity, and not calling local order an illusion. This is the route to “with no conductor”: the world as a whole is not required to obey an intention set for us in advance. The Gay Science §109

This lets two levels hold at once: the local may have structure, regularity and purpose, while the whole need not, because of those, have an overall purpose. Birds build nests, people write, life has tendencies; these acts of agency happen inside the world.

“All comes from void” here means that a certain form did not previously exist as this form. A newly appearing connection has real conditions, yet a finished version need not be waiting there. The “void” here does not take on the job of making matter from absolute nothing, nor does it guarantee the universe will always produce the irreducible; it leaves room for what is not yet formed.

Entropic silence: cost and ending

Prigogine’s dissipative structures offer a concrete example: certain open systems far from equilibrium can form and maintain ordered structure by continuously exchanging energy and matter with their surroundings. Local order and total entropy increase can coexist; energy input alone is not enough to guarantee that order forms. Prigogine, “Time, Structure and Fluctuations”

The mechanism shows that becoming and dissipation can depend on each other, without answering why anything exists. Science makes the image more precise here; philosophy continues from the point of precision.

“Entropic silence” lands on the side of the cost. Order is not free: it is held by spending usable difference, and that spending runs one way only. Heat death is the name for that direction taken to its end; whether the universe really ends in it is not judged here, and depletion and ending are already true of every particular form.

Perpetual becoming: the force of rebuilding

“Against entropy” keeps the force of a life rebuilding itself: maintaining, repairing, renewing all need concrete conditions. That force does not cancel the cost; it is exerted inside it.

“Perpetual becoming” lands on the side where becoming is happening. A form has a lifespan; change can continue past it; change continuing does not promise the same life will return. The universe’s final fate cannot be decided by an image drawn from life.

Between entropic silence and perpetual becoming there is no war guaranteed to end in life’s victory.

Becoming does not need an ending to authorize it, and the finite need not wait for eternity to be compensated.

空时 · SPACETIME

All rising | One vessel

Wild cosmos: coexistence and succession

Chaos asks where forms arise from; spacetime asks how forms that have taken shape coexist and change.

“No hand writes, all things write” lands on the second question: no one outside things first wrote down their places and their order. It shares a source with the “with no conductor” of the chaos section, but speaks of the side already formed: the relations things make among themselves are the order in which this world can be seen.

Spacetime is understood here from relation: near and far, inside and outside, meeting and parting give things a place with one another; before and after, duration, change and passing give happening an order. “Vessel” names this condition of unfolding. It lets things be compatible, and gives any concrete unfolding its place, its duration and its scale.

In his correspondence with Clarke, Leibniz understands space as the order of coexistent things and time as the order of successive things. This gives “space holds what is, time holds what changes” a relational entry: the sense of holding unfolds from things’ relations to one another, without needing to imagine a box that contains the universe. Third letter to Clarke, §§4–6

This is a choice about how to organize a picture of the world: describe spacetime by starting from relation, and leave spacetime’s own structure and origin to physics.

Void holds: relation and viewing

Space lets differences coexist. With interval, things need not be squeezed into the same thing; with relation, difference is not the same as mutual isolation. Space holds what is, and also holds what differs.

Kant turns the question toward how experience is possible: space and time are a priori forms of sensibility; they have empirical reality, yet cannot on that basis be taken as properties of things in themselves. His answer differs from Leibniz’s relational account. Here Kant’s reminder is that any description of the world must say how it enters experience. Critique of Pure Reason, Transcendental Aesthetic §§2–6

So the picture does not feign: real connections in experience deserve to be taken seriously, and descriptions of them can always be revised. This picture is spoken from inside the conditions of viewing, and promises only that much.

“Void makes space, all finds room” also connects to negative space: what is not filled can hold other forms. This is a poetic link from space to life and design. The relational account, the conditions of experience, and the negative space of a page each have their own reference; in the work they illuminate one another.

Time unfolds: scale and duration

Change has duration; happening has order. An experience ends, but its influence need not; I come again to the same place, and the I who comes is different.

Bergson writes real duration as a succession in which states of consciousness interpenetrate, as the previous note in a melody still takes part in the meaning of the next. His own claim goes further: measurable homogeneous time, for him, is duration projected into space, not another layer running alongside it. “Time unfolds” takes only one side of this: measurement can mark duration, but cannot mark the texture of time as it is lived. Time and Free Will, ch. 2

Long does not automatically mean rich, nor does fast automatically mean shallow. Repetition can brew depth; a short time can change everything after. The expansion of meaning and experience can never be measured by how long it lasted alone.

Woven one: unique and connected

“One” keeps two senses here: every place has an irreplaceable concreteness, and all things are at the same time within a world of mutual relation. A shared world does not require differences to be erased; being unique does not require becoming an island unrelated to everything.

In §57 of the Monadology, Leibniz uses the difference between views of one city seen from different directions to show that each point of view expresses the same universe. What is borrowed here is only the distinction between viewpoint and whole; the arising and passing of finite life is told by this work itself. Monadology §57

A picture seen from here can be true without exhausting the world.

存在 · EXISTENCE

All meaning | One origin

Existence itself: conditional on nothing

Existence is not conditional on completing a preset task. I do not first have to become some ideal person before I am qualified to feel the world.

This returns meaning inside existence. Existing is already a kind of meaning: here there is feeling, and a world is being lived. The direction, story and value that follow can make life richer, but they do not go back and decide whether this place deserves to exist.

Two words have to be separated here. Weight is heft that no outcome confers: this one life has it first, and a moment or a single joy can have it too. Meaning is the connections and values concrete things form within a life: created, lost, disputed and rewritten. “Existence is already a kind of meaning” says the first: existence carries its own weight. The second is what a life grows on top of that weight. The two are not read on one scale, so no amount of meaning adds a grain of weight to a life.

This is a position on existence. It does not infer from “it happened” that “everything that happens is good,” nor does it exempt concrete judgment. Existence needs no proof, but actions still have consequences; a life has weight, but desire is still worth examining.

In “The Four Great Errors” §8 of Twilight of the Idols, Nietzsche refuses to hold human existence accountable to a preset ideal and a tribunal beyond the whole, and calls this restoring “the innocence of becoming.” This position connects with existence needing no justification. Twilight of the Idols, “The Four Great Errors” §8

The origin: where meaning happens

The origin in “meaning | origin” is the place where meaning happens. Existence here lands concretely on a life that has a body, feels, and will pass; chaos and spacetime place that place back in a wider world.

The coordinates: inside existence, and revisable

I build direction from this origin and discern what I love and what I seek. Nietzsche’s thought can become a coordinate system inside existence, letting me ask where value comes from, whether an ideal has pressed down on life, and whether what I seek still has a voice of its own. Coordinates help discern a road, but do not decide whether the origin ought to exist.

And precisely because the coordinate system is inside existence, it can be revised with experience. A measure once deeply believed ceasing to work does not mean existence ceases with it. Changing direction is sometimes the result of this life still feeling seriously.

Both emerge: an origin I did not choose

Form and spirit emerging is this body and this mind together becoming this one life. I did not choose my first body or era, nor pick my origin from outside the world. I wake within conditions that have already happened, and within them gradually form my own movement.

Fit body: the range of what can be felt and done

The body is the concrete condition of feeling and action. Strength is worth prizing because it widens what can be felt and done; tiredness, illness and decline are equally real parts of the body. Caring for this body does not require first judging it good enough.

Steady mind: room for wavering

A steady mind is the ability to keep discerning direction and to adjust again amid change. It has room for wavering, hesitation, and moments with nothing to say. If a stability can only be kept by excluding real feeling, it will slowly move the coordinates away from life.

Form and spirit are in this body and this mind alike, so “not lacking” should be stated clearly: existence lacks nothing it needs in order to stand; life may still lack things. Hunger needs food, tiredness needs rest, confusion needs time. Answering these needs seriously does not damage the completeness of existence.

I have needs and I have wants; existence does not rest on what is obtained.

Both vanish: the completeness of the finite

Both form and spirit vanishing makes this one life acknowledge its own ending. No place is reserved here for the particular I to be guaranteed a return, nor does endless future continuation underwrite what has passed.

To be finite means not being able to live everything or keep everything; many possibilities recede with a single choice. It makes choosing real, yet does not automatically turn every minute into a resource that must be fully used.

A joy that cannot be kept is not thereby a joy that never fully happened; a relation that later changes does not turn what was once felt into something false. An ending changes what can continue; it cannot rewrite everything that happened into never having happened.

Existence can have an end without owing the world a final score.

我求 · IX

All chaos | One life

IX is a name. It is what 我求 is called in English, not a translation of it and not an abbreviation: IX stands for nothing, and is simply the shape this name takes in the other script. The verb is ordinary — need, curiosity and wanting are all a life seeking. But IX is not one of those activities. It is the whole outward side of this one life, its taking part in the becoming that comes next, and a word that described an activity could name only one of them, which would shrink this dimension to one of its activities. So the verbs are translated and the name is not.

Where IX comes from: existence unfolds outward

The reason I seek is that I exist. This body has needs, this mind is curious, and experience draws out new connections and directions. IX is this life’s activity turned outward, and the way meaning and experience go on unfolding.

In Part III of the Ethics, Spinoza places the effort to preserve oneself within a thing’s actual essence. This offers a neighbouring line of thought: desire can belong to existence itself, without waiting for an external task to set it going. Preserving oneself and expanding meaning each have their own sense — neighbouring, not identical. Ethics, Part III, propositions 6 and 7

“Because not lacking, therefore outward” says that IX need not carry the job of making up existence’s standing. It does not require the one who seeks to feel sufficient at every moment, nor infer from the fact of existence that everyone must turn outward. Abundance, curiosity, need, even a passing unease can all set a concrete IX going; I can discern these sources without denying the IX is real because the sources are mixed.

Life can seek, and can let what it seeks change. The world has no overall author, but I am a real participant in it: I choose what to attend to, how to act, how to revise judgments already made. My agency has its own sources, its limits, and can enter the causal connections that follow.

Agency does not require an I detached from every condition. It shows in my being able to understand some conditions, change some, and keep adjusting in the feedback I receive. My agency, too, is within the self-arising of all things.

Two axes: meaning and experience

The expansion of meaning connects what was scattered and gives existing connections different readings. The expansion of experience widens what can be felt and deepens the layers of feeling. The two affect each other: a new experience can change the story, and a new understanding can change how the same thing is felt.

Expansion has breadth and depth; it can move toward the unfamiliar, and re-enter the familiar. Letting go of an explanation that has grown rigid can sometimes let the world show its detail again. Choosing less can also make feeling more full.

But staying need not be repackaged as expansion. An afternoon with no new experience and no meaning produced can simply be an afternoon.

Setiya, in “The Midlife Crisis,” sorts ends into two kinds: those that can be completed and those that cannot. Finishing a book or learning a craft is the first kind, and arriving uses it up; reading, walking, being with people, going on thinking are the second, with no moment at which they are done. What is taken here is the distinction and not his diagnosis of midlife: staying need not be repackaged as expansion precisely because some things worth doing have nowhere to arrive. Setiya, “The Midlife Crisis” (2014)

IX can have goals. Finishing a work, learning a craft, each has a concrete arrival. What must be held is the relation between the goal and existence: the result can affect the next step, but is not responsible for judging whether this life was worth happening. Arriving has its joy; not arriving does not erase everything along the way.

Narrative agency: organizing experience, keeping it revisable

Story connects scattered happenings into a life I can understand. It changes the direction of attention, affects the next choice, and gives the past a new place. The “agency” in “narrative agency” lands exactly where I can take part.

“Before all things, there was story” pushes the power of narrative to the front. Here “before” lands at the level of explanation and expectation: I often meet what has not yet happened already carrying a story. The world does not wait for the story to be written before appearing; actual encounter also runs past the earlier story, forcing the telling to start again.

So narrative needs to stay revisable against experience. A story that can only go on by hiding inconvenient details begins to consume the life it was meant to enrich. Agency includes both choosing a way of telling and admitting that this way is no longer enough.

Adler, in the first chapter of What Life Should Mean to You, says that we are not determined by our situations but by the meanings we give them; the whole pattern of interpretation and direction formed this way he calls a style of life, and he holds that it can be chosen again. Two points are taken from him here: meaning is given, and the telling can be revised. He himself goes further, holding that no experience is in itself a trauma, and that we take from it only what suits our purposes; that step is not followed here. That a story can be chosen again does not mean the encounter it answers never happened. What Life Should Mean to You, ch. 1

Some feelings have no story yet: a gust of wind, a stretch of lightness with no cause, a sadness that cannot immediately be explained. They can happen first. Being untold does not make them lower than experience already explained.

Deliberate negative space: something can happen, or nothing can

Negative space keeps room for attention, time and life. What is not yet arranged lets other things arrive; what is not yet settled lets existing judgments change.

“Full is slow, empty is fast” keeps a light sense of life: not filled up by old arrangements, turning meets less resistance. “Fast” here points to nimbleness and being able to turn; it cannot be used to demand that every blank raise efficiency.

Negative space can also serve no next step for a while. Rest can be only rest; idleness can hold no hidden return. If every blank is assigned a future use, the blank has already been filled by another arrangement.

To be deliberate is to leave this blank knowing nothing at all may happen in it.

Distilling joy: compounding and the weight of the once-only

Some joys deepen through repeated meeting. Understanding grows finer, feeling richer, past experience takes part in today’s resonance. “Depth resonates, patience compounds” prizes exactly this thickness brewed over time.

There is something utilitarian in compounding: I am willing to invest, and I expect it to be better later. This bit of calculation stays in life, and keeps the philosophy holding a living person’s desire. What must be limited is its authority: it can take part in concrete choices, but does not become a qualifying condition for joy, still less existence’s overall purpose.

Some joys also happen only once, with no accumulation, no use, and even quick forgetting. They owe no later return. What can be brewed deserves patience; what cannot be kept also deserves the present.

In “The Pursuit of the Ideal,” Berlin points out that genuinely prized values can also conflict with one another and cause losses in choosing that cannot be fully made good. The reminder lets the trade-off between joy and accumulation be acknowledged: the conflict is between things both worth having, and the loss cannot be offset by later gains. “The Pursuit of the Ideal” IV, VI

I can invest for the long term, and I can also let go of the plan for one short while. The trade-off has to be made by concrete life; no single line about compounding can answer for every moment.

Braiding fortune: taking part in conditions, leaving room for chance

Fortune includes a side not under my control. I can prepare, try, move closer to what interests me, and increase the chance of meeting; preparation does not turn a particular outcome into a deserved reward.

“Braiding” names these conditions I can take part in; “fortune” keeps the chance in the outcome. Together they let IX have both movement and openness: I can commit seriously without attributing every good thing that failed to happen to my not having done enough.

Curiosity is already producing experience. It can bring the unexpected, and when there is nothing unexpected, it can let an ordinary viewing show its detail. Fortune has its extra joy; not meeting it does not leave what has already been felt incomplete.

Some joys brew slowly; some are already enough once they have happened.

The four dimensions interpenetrate

Chaos, spacetime, existence and IX are related, but do not form a four-step history of the universe’s becoming.

Looking from the world toward me is the unfolding of conditions: life takes shape in becoming, and exists in concrete relations and duration. Looking from me toward the world is the unfolding of experience and action: I feel from this body, give meaning within feeling, and enter the world through action. Only where the two directions meet do these four dimensions form their back-and-forth.

Life unfolds within conditions and also acts within them. The world exceeds my experience, and my action can take part in it; the individual has boundaries, and relation lets boundaries meet. After one unfolding ends, the influence it formed can still enter what comes later.

Complete is not the same as exhaustive — the line from the opening is what runs through all four. An experience can be complete while the world still has more to be lived; a life has no standing to make good, yet can keep forming new meaning. “Already enough” and “continuing outward” can therefore hold at once: completeness gives this moment its weight, and not-yet-exhausted keeps room in the future.

This also gives the finite its place. Time and energy keep me from unfolding every possibility, so choosing has weight. Meaning happens both on the continuing road and in this moment that cannot come again.

“All chaos | one life” thus brings IX back to chaos: this I is both one arising and the place where arising goes on. Returning to chaos means acknowledging that within what is sought there is always a part not yet formed; it also means acknowledging that I understand the part already formed only incompletely. The world is still becoming, and I have not arrived; the two opennesses meet here, and neither is arranged by me alone.

The circle stays open. Philosophy gives a measure for discerning relations, and leaves room for experience to change it.

How form participates in thought

Form lets some relations be felt before they are said. It has the power to express, and the limits of expression: a work can invite a reading, and the viewer still meets it from their own place.

A person comes to know the world through warmth and cold, sound, light and dark, and negative space. Only the last two are within reach of a page, so everything here is asked of them. Form carries the argument, not only its appearance: the seam at the centre is where the text yields to existence, not a typographic flourish. The sections below are the other half of one statement.

The centre: the origin, not eternity

The four figures share one compositional centre. The text leaves a seam at the centre so the origin can show; the ink at the centre surfaces, takes shape, thins and withdraws in the animation.

A fixed position and a limited duration can therefore be seen at once. “Fixed is the origin, not eternity” is the meaning the work gives it: I unfold feeling from here, yet do not become the universe’s centre or a permanent thing by becoming my own origin.

The text yields to the centre, and so lets narrative and existence meet once concretely. Language can unfold explanation around existence, while explanation need not cover the place it happens from.

The seam: two halves across a gap

The two halves of the title face each other across a gap. The seam makes relation visible: what is separated can still connect, and what is not filled by text also takes part in meaning.

English first drops the spaces between words, then lets two adjacent identical letters become one: CHAOS SPACETIME is written CHAOSPACETIME; finally the short half is tracked out to bring the two halves to one width. Only when a letter is given up does the word really become a shape; the full spelling stays in the page’s accessible label, read to those who cannot see the shape. The two languages move toward the same correspondence by different rhythms. The sense of reading and the sense of looking happen together here.

Nesting and extending: three axes taken into one stroke

The home page places chaos’s ring, spacetime’s double ellipse, existence’s axes and IX’s seal within one scale, with spacetime’s orbits giving the levels a reference. IX extends outward along existence’s axes until it takes those three axes, back-stubs and all, into its own strokes: when it is written, existence is not beside IX but inside it. What is taken in is the figure, not existence’s standing: coordinates can enter what is sought, and existence’s meaning is not issued by IX because of it.

The composition hands relation to the viewer: IX unfolds from existence, and existence is within a wider becoming. Geometry first shows containment and extension; the back-and-forth of the four is evoked by the composition together with the words “all chaos | one life.”

That the four shapes can still be recognized in their origins, and are in one figure, is an expression here of “woven one.” A shared scale lets them answer to one another; difference lets the answering happen.

Repetition: the same construction, a different moment

The default animation repeatedly writes in, holds, and withdraws the same construction. What is the same is the construction; the moment of each meeting and the viewer’s feeling can still differ. Repetition can hold difference, and the familiar can keep deepening.

Two grounds: xuan paper and the night sky

Xuan paper and the night sky use the same geometry; the ground and the light change how it appears. Chaos’s ink shifts depth with the ground, while azurite, malachite and cinnabar keep their own recognizable identities of colour. Continuity of structure and change of appearance can be felt in one place.

Guest stars: not guaranteed

Meteors and guest stars in the night sky bring chance meetings. They are not guaranteed to appear on every visit, and meeting them is not a condition of a visit being complete. Rarity gives meeting an extra surprise, and an ordinary night sky can be just as complete.

Still water: a stone, a wave, and stillness again

Touch an empty part of the ground and a point strikes where the hand lands, then sinks; from that point the surface gives up ring after ring, travelling outward, fainter the further they go, until the water is still and nothing shows where it happened. That is the day, on xuan paper; at night the sky is not water, and a touch there sends a meteor out from the fingertip, on until it has left the screen.

The water is the mind. What enters the mind raises a wave: a sentence, a meeting, something not foreseen. The wave is real, and here it is neither pressed down nor kept out; it spreads by itself, thins by itself, settles by itself. A steady mind is not a surface no wave crosses; it is one that returns to stillness once the wave has passed. “A thousand winds pass | I remain untroubled” names that order: the winds pass first, and only then the calm.

Stillness does not undo what happened, either. The stone is still down there; the surface simply no longer shows it.

One screen: a completeness you can stay in

One screen makes what is in front of you a complete space you can stay in. Completeness comes from already being able, in this moment, to look, to feel and to think; it does not require the viewer to keep searching before the visit counts as finished.

Negative space therefore allows both continuing and stopping. More content and more experience can still be prized, and the place in front of you need not become a half still owing completion.

Where undefined: outside the names

An undefined path lands on “where undefined | inquiry goes on.” When a set direction is lost, the page still leaves a place that can be felt. Meaning can begin outside existing names, and can pause for a while in what is not yet named.


All things arise of themselves; spacetime unfolds.

I am within it, feeling from this body, giving meaning from this mind.

Existence is already a kind of meaning; IX lets meaning and experience go on unfolding.

One can go deeper, can turn, and can stay.

Some joys brew slowly; some are already enough once they have happened.

Good fortune can wait; good wonder will not.